Hemoglobin adducts in workers exposed to nitrotoluenes.

نویسندگان

  • Christopher R Jones
  • Yu-Ying Liu
  • Ovnair Sepai
  • Huifang Yan
  • Gabriele Sabbioni
چکیده

Nitrotoluenes are important intermediates in the chemical industry. 2,6-Dinitrotoluene (26DNT), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (24DNT) and 2-nitrotoluene are carcinogenic in animals and possibly carcinogenic in humans. It is therefore important to develop methods to biomonitor workers exposed to such chemicals. Hemoglobin (Hb) adducts of nitroarenes are established markers of the biological effective dose. We developed a method to measure Hb adducts in biological samples. Hb adducts were measured in rats after a single exposure (0.5 mmol/kg) of 24DNT, 26DNT, 2,4-toluenediamine (24TDA) and 26TDA. Hydrolysis of Hb from rats dosed with 24DNT yields, 4-amino-2-nitrotoluene (4A2NT) (16.3 nmol/g Hb), 24TDA (4.3 nmol/g Hb) and 4-acetylamino-2-aminotoluene (4AA2AT) (0.51 nmol/g Hb). Hydrolysis of Hb from rats dosed with 26DNT yields three amines, 2-amino-6-nitrotoluene (2A6NT) (2.5 nmol/g Hb), 26TDA (1.2 nmol/g Hb) and 2-acetylamino-6-aminotoluene (2AA6AT) (0.17 nmol/g Hb). A similar Hb adduct pattern was found in Chinese workers exposed to nitrotoluenes. With respect to 24DNT, 4A2NT was the predominant adduct, and the amount was approximately 24-fold higher than 24TDA. With respect to 26DNT, 2A6NT was the predominant adduct, and the amount was approximately 20-fold higher than 26TDA. With respect to the mononitrotoluenes, the Hb adduct of 2NT was present in the highest concentrations. Each worker was examined for adverse health effects linked to exposure to DNT. The health effects were compared with the Hb adduct levels using logistic regression analysis. The odds of suffering from inertia were 3.2 times higher [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.8-5.8] when the level of 4A2NT Hb adducts increased by one log-unit. Similar odds ratios were observed with somnolence (3.1, CI = 1.4-6.9), nausea (2.4, CI = 1.3-4.3) and dizziness (5.5, CI = 1.3-24.2). These results inferred that quantification of DNT-Hb adducts provided an effective biomarker of toxicity and could be used to estimate the risk associated with a particular exposure to DNT.

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Biomarkers of exposure, effect, and susceptibility in workers exposed to nitrotoluenes.

Nitrotoluenes, such as 2-nitrotoluene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene (24DNT), and 26DNT, are carcinogenic in animal experiments. Humans are exposed to such chemicals in the workplace and in the environment. It is therefore important to develop methods to biomonitor people exposed to nitrotoluenes to prevent the potential harmful effects. For the present study, workers exposed to high levels of these chemi...

متن کامل

Analysis of DNA and hemoglobin adducts and sister chromatid exchanges in a human population occupationally exposed to propylene oxide: a pilot study.

Propylene oxide (PO), a simple alkylating agent used in the chemical industry, is weakly genotoxic and induces nasal cavity tumors in rodents on inhalation at high air concentrations. DNA adducts, hemoglobin adducts, and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) were analyzed as biomarkers of exposure in a group of eight PO-exposed workers and eight nonexposed subjects. 1-2-Hydroxypropyladenine (1-HP-ad...

متن کامل

Hemoglobin adducts in workers exposed to benzidine and azo dyes.

Benzidine (Bz) is a known human carcinogen. Several azo dyes have been synthesized with Bz. Bz can be metabolically released from azo dyes. In a group of Indian workers producing Bz and azo dyes the presence of hemoglobin (Hb) adducts was investigated. The following Hb adducts were identified and quantified by GC-MS: Bz, N-acetylbenzidine (AcBz), 4-aminobiphenyl (4ABP), aniline. 4ABP and anilin...

متن کامل

Determination of albumin and hemoglobin adducts in workers exposed to styrene and styrene oxide.

Hemoglobin and albumin adducts of the carcinogen styrene-7,8-oxide (SO) were measured in 48 workers exposed to both styrene and SO in a boat manufacturing plant. Personal exposures to both substances were measured repeatedly over the course of 1 year (styrene:0.9-235 mg/m3 with a mean of 64.3 mg/m3 for 48 subjects; S0: 13.4-525 mu g/m3 with a mean of 159 mu g/m3 for 20 subjects). Cysteine and c...

متن کامل

Hemoglobin and albumin adducts of benzene oxide among workers exposed to high levels of benzene.

Benzene oxide (BO) reacts with cysteinyl residues in hemoglobin (Hb) and albumin (Alb) to form protein adducts (BO-Hb and BO-Alb), which are presumed to be specific biomarkers of exposure to benzene. We analyzed BO-Hb in 43 exposed workers and 42 unexposed controls, and BO-Alb in a subsample consisting of 19 workers and 19 controls from Shanghai, China, as part of a larger cross-sectional study...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:
  • Carcinogenesis

دوره 26 1  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2005